Orienteering is a longtime component of Scouting programs such as the Boy Scouts of America and other Scouting groups. The BSA first class rank requires that scouts complete a one mile orienteering course by using a map and compass [1]. The scout must also measure the height of objects, such as trees, using simple trigonometry. Although some troops tend to emphasize the use of compass bearings and pacing, orienteering actually involves a variety of skills, including map reading and route solving.
In 1974, the orienteering merit badge was introduced. This badge has been developed in collaboration with the US Orienteering Federation and [2] introduces scouts to the sport of orienteering that arose in Europe during the early 20th century. After developing the basic Scoutcraft skills of map and compass, Scouts are required to participate in several competitive style orienteering course. They must then design their own course, and teach orienteering skills to other members of their troop. The exact requirements have changed over the years. At one time, the merit badge was called "Pathfinding" and was required for Eagle.
Orienteering courses are also a part of military training. Often, these courses are several miles long in rough terrain and are performed under adverse conditions, such as at night or in the rain.